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Sympoietic 
Sensing

Fabric-Based Cell-Free Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring

Rising pollution and shifting soil and water conditions often go unnoticed, hidden from everyday perception. Sympoietic Sensing explores how materials themselves might make these environmental changes visible. The project integrates biological components into fabric, allowing it to react to elements such as metals or acidity. When activated by water, the textile produces color, transforming invisible ecological signals into a visible and tangible experience.

Developed at the MIT Media Lab, as part of the course How to Grow (Almost) Anything

Head Instructor: Dr. David S. Kong

Head Teaching Assistant: Suvin Sundararajan

 

2025 Spring

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Climate change is all around us. Pollution in water, changes in soil acidity, or heavy metals like zinc can be dangerous, but we usually don’t notice them. Our clothes stay silent. Our materials don't respond. But what if they could?​

 

In simpler terms: I am creating a fabric that changes color when it touches things like high levels of zinc or unsafe pH. It works by using freeze-dried biological parts that are not alive but can still react when water is added. This means the fabric can "wake up" and respond without needing electricity or lab tools.

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AI-generated visual of Colorimetric fabric-based biosensor

The slightly longer version is: I am developing a fabric-based biosensor that uses freeze-dried, cell-free systems to detect environmental signals such as zinc levels and pH changes. By embedding biosensing reactions into textiles, I aim to create a wearable or textile art installation that activates outside of laboratory settings, making synthetic biology more accessible and visible in everyday life. I hypothesize that cell-free gene circuits, when freeze-dried and rehydrated on fabric, can reliably produce a visible signal in response to environmental triggers. My specific goals are to design and optimize the genetic circuits for clarity and responsiveness, identify suitable textile substrates, and test the biosensor’s function across real-world conditions.

This project’s title, Sympoietic Sensing is inspired by Donna Haraway’s idea of sympoiesis, (comes from the Greek ποίησις / poíēsis, ‘creation, production’ and the prefix σύν / sún ‘with, together’) which emphasizes that nothing exists independently, and that all things, humans and nonhumans, are interconnected and co-created. The fabric does not just sense for us, it senses with us. By turning ecological change into something we can see and feel, this work asks us to recognize our shared becoming with the world around us.

Project Introduction Video

The project pipeline breaks down to 3 "aims".
 

Aim 1: Cell-free Lab Experiment

 

The first aim of the project is to develop a functional genetic biosensor circuit for zinc detection by designing, assembling, and testing it in a cell-free system. This biosensor is intended to provide a reliable and accessible means of monitoring zinc concentrations, which can be crucial for environmental assessments and health diagnostics. 

The project is currently being developed on this aim.

diagram of the desired zinc-LacZ sensor circuit design

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In-silico Genetic Circuit Design

the test plans

Conducting PCR and Gibson Assembly in Lab

Aim 2: Freeze-Dried Experiment

 

The second aim is to establish a repeatable, freeze-dried protocol for embedding biosensors onto fabric substrates, ensuring stability, rehydration responsiveness, and visual output under ambient conditions. The goal is to move toward robust biosensors that can function in uncontrolled environments, expanding their use beyond lab settings into wearables, public installations, or field kits.

Proposed biosensor in silicon well, embedded with fabric

Aim 3: Fabric Embedding

 

The third aim of my project is to integrate biosensing fabrics into public-facing formats such as wearable pieces or textile-based installations. By embedding responsive biosensors into textiles used for clothing, art, or architectural surfaces, the project aims to create new ways for people to see and feel environmental change around them. This approach treats sensing not only as a technical function but as a cultural interface, fostering public awareness, environmental storytelling, and new modes of engagement with climate-related signals.

Ai-generated visual

Proposed design of biosensor embedded textile art installation. The design aims to create a connection with zinc presence in storm water runoff.

Read more:

Synthetic Biology Course Documentation link

Detailed Project Report link

Lab Notes link

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